Victim Empowerment

Programme Manual & Prevention Services

What is Victim Empowerment?

Victim empowerment is an approach to facilitating access to a range of services for people who have individually or collectively suffered harm, trauma or material loss through violence and crime. It aims to build and restore a healthy, peaceful and economically viable society by promoting the resourcefulness of victims and providing opportunities to access services, build capacity and support networks, and act on their own choices and responsibilities.

Who is a victim?

A victim is any person who has suffered harm including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of fundamental rights through acts or omissions that violate criminal law.

What is Gender-Based Violence (GBV)?

Gender-Based Violence refers to any crime or action directed at a person or group on the basis of perceived or actual gender or sexual orientation. This includes dating violence, sexual harassment, assault, verbal and physical abuse, stalking and femicide (the killing of a victim during or after abuse).

Causes of GBV

  • Power and control
  • Alcohol and substance abuse
  • Previous history of abuse in families
  • Economic factors such as dependence and poverty
  • Social-cultural factors (customs, beliefs and harmful practices)

Forms of Abuse

Physical abuse

Any intentional act causing injury or trauma by bodily contact — scratching, punching, biting, strangling, kicking, choking, slapping, or throwing objects.

Sexual abuse

Non-consensual sexual contact, rape, unwanted touching, sexual exploitation, or sexual humiliation including forcing sexual acts or using objects without consent.

Economic abuse

Controlling or stealing money, withholding financial support, seizing cards, or preventing access to pensions and resources.

Verbal, emotional & psychological abuse

Insults, threats, humiliation, isolation, excessive monitoring, jealousy, and other non-physical behaviours intended to control or intimidate.

Stalking

A course of conduct that destroys a person's privacy and security — repeated calls, messages, surveillance, or following that causes fear.

Signs of Abuse

  • Personality or behavioural changes (isolation, mood swings)
  • Sleep or eating disorders
  • Anxiety, depression or uncontrollable crying
  • Visible injuries or attempts to hide scars
  • Sudden financial problems or unpaid bills
  • New or increased substance use

Role of the Department of Social Development (DSD)

  • Provide protection, care and support to victims of crime and violence
  • Deliver prevention services and awareness campaigns
  • Render psychosocial and mediation services, including court support
  • Family reunification and referrals to specialised care
  • Capacitate organisations working with victims to improve service delivery

Legislative Framework

  • The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996
  • Domestic Violence Act, Act 116 of 1998
  • Children’s Act, Act 38 of 2005
  • Older Persons Act, Act 13 of 2006
  • Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, Act 32 of 2007
  • Prevention and Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act, Act 7 of 2013
  • National Policy Guidelines for Victim Empowerment; Norms and Minimum Standards for Service Delivery

The Gender-Based Violence Command Centre (GBVCC)

The GBV Command Centre provides a national 24/7 telephonic trauma counselling service and referral. Services include:

  • Emergency line: 0800 428 428
  • USSD 'please call me': *120*7867#
  • Skype line for deaf community: Helpme GBV
  • SMS line for persons with disability: 31531

Trafficking & Quarterly Awareness Themes

Human trafficking is recruitment, transportation or harbouring of persons by force, fraud or deception for exploitation. Causes include poverty, lack of education, demand for cheap labour or sex, and lack of safe migration options.

Types: sexual exploitation, forced labour, debt bondage, domestic servitude, organ removal, forced begging, child soldiers, forced marriage.

Domestic Violence (Quarter focus)

Domestic abuse is a pattern of behaviour used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner. It can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic or psychological and affects people across ages and backgrounds.

Signs include intimidation, isolation, threats, controlling finances, humiliation, and escalating violence.

VEP Services Rendered

  • Emotional and practical support; trauma management
  • Education on symptoms of post-traumatic stress
  • Referral to professional services and biomedical teams
  • Court support services and victim impact support
  • Promotion of victims' rights and advocacy
  • Prevention activities and community capacity building

Green & White Door Safe Place

The Green/White Door is an emergency temporary facility offering short-term accommodation (often 24 hours) and practical support to victims of crime and violence while referrals to trauma counselling, shelter services, medical and legal assistance are arranged.

Shelter Services

Shelters provide safe accommodation from one day up to approximately six months depending on needs. Shelters do not provide statutory services to children and therefore cannot accommodate unaccompanied minors; victims must be 18 years or older unless accompanied by guardians.

Services offered at shelters

  • Safe accommodation, protection, food and clothing
  • Trauma debriefing and therapeutic counselling
  • Information on skills development, rights and capacity building
  • Support in preparation for court procedures
  • Gender-based violence prevention programmes